E-commerce has different models. Businesses and individuals buy and sell products through digital platforms. The three main models are Business-to-Business (B2B), Business-to-Consumer (B2C), and Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C). Each model works differently and serves different groups of buyers and sellers.

B2B (Business-to-Business)

B2B e-commerce happens between companies. Businesses sell products or services to other businesses. Manufacturers, wholesalers, and suppliers operate in this model. Orders are usually large, and prices are often negotiated. Companies use digital platforms to make bulk purchases. Websites like Alibaba and industry-specific marketplaces support B2B trade. Payment methods include digital invoices and contract-based transactions.

B2C (Business-to-Consumer)

B2C e-commerce happens between businesses and individual customers. Companies sell products directly to consumers. Customers browse online stores, select products, and complete purchases through digital payments. B2C is the most common e-commerce model. Businesses use fast shipping and customer service to attract buyers. Companies like Amazon and Walmart operate under this model. Discounts, promotions, and product reviews help customers make decisions.

C2C (Consumer-to-Consumer)

C2C e-commerce happens between individuals. People sell products to other people through online platforms. Customers list used or handmade items for sale. Buyers browse, negotiate, and purchase directly from sellers. Websites like eBay and Etsy operate under this model. Transactions depend on platform policies, and sellers handle shipping and pricing. Digital payments and customer ratings help build trust between users.

B2B, B2C, and C2C models serve different purposes. B2B focuses on large transactions between companies. B2C connects businesses with individual buyers. C2C allows people to sell directly to other consumers. Each model plays a role in the growth of online trade.